A Systems-Based View of Health, Guided by Advanced Laboratory Data
A clear overview of the advanced lab testing used to guide clinical decision-making.
Our testing approach focuses on identifying early imbalances, risk factors, and patterns across cardiovascular health, hormones, metabolism, gut health, inflammation, and longevity markers. The categories below outline the types of testing we commonly use to support clinical decision-making.
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Heart & Cardiovascular Health
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HDL Cholesterol (Direct)
HDL cholesterol measures high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which plays a role in cholesterol transport. This value is used alongside other lipid markers to understand overall lipid distribution.
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Homocysteine
Homocysteine is an amino acid produced during normal metabolism. Elevated levels may reflect imbalances in methylation or nutrient metabolism.
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hs-CRP
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein measures low levels of systemic inflammation. It is commonly included in cardiovascular risk evaluations alongside lipid markers.
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LDL Cholesterol (Calculated)
LDL cholesterol (calculated) estimates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol using total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. It is commonly used to assess lipid balance when triglyceride levels are within an acceptable range.
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LDL Cholesterol (Direct)
LDL cholesterol (direct) measures low-density lipoprotein cholesterol without relying on calculation formulas. This method provides a more accurate LDL value when triglycerides are elevated or when standard calculations may be unreliable.
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Lipoprotein (a)
Lipoprotein (a) is a genetically influenced lipoprotein particle that resembles LDL but includes an additional protein component. Levels are largely independent of lifestyle factors.
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Myeloperoxidase
Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme released by white blood cells during inflammatory activity. It is sometimes evaluated in advanced cardiovascular assessments.
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Oxidized LDL
Oxidized LDL measures LDL particles that have undergone oxidative modification. This marker provides insight into lipid oxidation processes.
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PLAC
PLAC measures lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. It provides additional context beyond standard lipid markers.
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Small Dense LDL
Small dense LDL refers to a subtype of LDL particles characterized by smaller size and higher density. These particles provide additional detail about LDL particle distribution.
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Total Cholesterol
Total cholesterol measures the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood, including LDL, HDL, and other lipid components. It provides a broad, high-level view of lipid status and is often used as a starting point when assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk or interpreting more detailed cholesterol testing.
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Triglycerides
Triglycerides measure the amount of circulating fats in the bloodstream. Levels are influenced by dietary intake, metabolism, and overall lipid processing.
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Hormonal & Thyroid Health
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Cortisol
Cortisol is a primary stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands and plays a role in metabolism, immune response, and circadian rhythm regulation.
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DHEA-S
DHEA-S is an adrenal hormone and precursor to sex hormones. It reflects long-term adrenal output and overall adrenal reserve.
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DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
DHT is a potent androgen derived from testosterone and plays a role in hair growth, prostate health, and androgenic activity. Elevated levels may contribute to hair loss or prostate symptoms.
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Estradiol
Estradiol is the most biologically active form of estrogen and plays a critical role in reproductive, bone, cardiovascular, and metabolic health in both men and women.
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Estriol
Estriol is a weaker estrogen mainly produced during pregnancy but may also be measured in comprehensive hormone assessments to understand estrogen metabolism patterns.
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Estrone
Estrone is a weaker estrogen primarily produced from peripheral conversion and is more prominent after menopause. It contributes to overall estrogen exposure and balance.
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FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
FSH is a pituitary hormone that regulates ovarian follicle development in women and sperm production in men. Levels help assess reproductive and pituitary function.
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IGF-1
IGF-1 reflects growth hormone activity and is involved in tissue repair, metabolism, and aging processes. It provides a stable indicator of growth hormone status.
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LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
LH triggers ovulation in women and testosterone production in men. It provides insight into pituitary signaling and gonadal function.
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
PTH regulates calcium and phosphorus balance and is essential for bone health. Abnormal levels may indicate parathyroid dysfunction or calcium metabolism issues.
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Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone is a precursor hormone involved in the synthesis of cortisol, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone. It plays a foundational role in hormone production pathways.
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Progesterone
Progesterone is a key hormone involved in menstrual cycle regulation, pregnancy, and nervous system balance. It also counterbalances estrogen effects.
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Prolactin
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone involved in lactation and reproductive regulation. Elevated levels can interfere with normal sex hormone production.
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SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
SHBG is a protein that binds sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol, regulating how much is available for use by the body. Abnormal levels can significantly affect free hormone activity.
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Testosterone, Free
Free testosterone measures the portion of testosterone not bound to proteins and biologically available to tissues. It is often more reflective of hormonal activity than total testosterone, especially when SHBG levels are abnormal.
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Testosterone, Total
Total testosterone measures the overall amount of testosterone in the blood, including both protein-bound and free fractions. It provides a broad assessment of androgen status and is commonly used to evaluate symptoms related to low or excess testosterone.
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Metabolic & Nutritional Health
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Adiponectin
This test measures a hormone involved in insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism. It provides insight into metabolic efficiency and cardiovascular health.
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ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
This test measures an enzyme associated with liver metabolism. It helps identify metabolic stress affecting liver health.
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AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
This test measures an enzyme linked to liver and muscle metabolism. It provides context for metabolic and cellular stress.
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C-Peptide
This test measures insulin production by the pancreas. It helps clarify how much insulin the body is making versus how well it is being used.
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Fasting Glucose
This test measures blood sugar levels after fasting. It helps assess how well the body is regulating glucose at baseline.
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Fasting Insulin
This test measures insulin levels after fasting. It helps assess how efficiently the body is responding to blood sugar demands.
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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
This test reflects average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It provides a longer-term view of blood sugar control beyond a single reading.
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HOMA-IR (Calculated)
This calculated score estimates insulin resistance using glucose and insulin values. It helps identify early metabolic imbalance before blood sugar rises.
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Leptin
This test measures a hormone that helps regulate appetite and energy balance. It can help explain patterns related to weight regulation and metabolic health.
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LP-IR Score
This score evaluates patterns linked to insulin resistance. It helps identify metabolic risk earlier than traditional blood sugar tests.
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Triglycerides
This test measures circulating fats linked to energy storage and metabolism. Elevated levels can reflect insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk.
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Uric Acid
This test measures a compound related to metabolism and inflammation. It can help assess cardiometabolic stress and metabolic balance.
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Gut & Microbiome Health
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Beta-Glucuronidase
Beta-glucuronidase measures an enzyme produced by intestinal bacteria involved in metabolic processing. It reflects microbial enzymatic activity within the gut. Clinicians use beta-glucuronidase to evaluate microbiome-related metabolic patterns.
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Calprotectin
Calprotectin measures a protein released by activated neutrophils in the gastrointestinal tract. It reflects inflammatory activity within the intestinal lining. Clinicians use calprotectin to evaluate intestinal inflammation.
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Gut Microbiome
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Gut Zoomer Comprehensive Test
The Gut Zoomer Comprehensive Test analyzes a broad range of markers related to gastrointestinal function and microbial composition. It evaluates patterns across digestion, absorption, inflammation, and microbiome balance. Clinicians use this test to obtain an integrated view of gut-related biomarkers.
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H. pylori (Stool or Breath)
Helicobacter pylori testing detects the presence of H. pylori infection using stool or breath samples. It reflects colonization of the gastric mucosa by the organism. Clinicians use this test to identify H. pylori presence.
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Occult Blood (Stool)
Occult blood testing detects the presence of hidden blood in stool samples. It reflects gastrointestinal bleeding not visible to the naked eye. Clinicians use this test to screen for gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Secretory IgA
Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) measures an antibody involved in mucosal immune defense within the gastrointestinal tract. It reflects immune activity at mucosal surfaces. Clinicians use secretory IgA to assess gut-associated immune function.
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
Short-chain fatty acids measure metabolic byproducts produced by microbial fermentation of dietary substrates. They reflect microbiome metabolic output and colonic activity. Clinicians use SCFA levels to assess microbial metabolic function.
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Zonulin
Zonulin measures a protein involved in the regulation of intestinal tight junctions. It reflects intestinal barrier signaling related to permeability. Clinicians use zonulin to assess markers associated with gut barrier regulation.
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Immune & Inflammatory Health
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Complement C3
Complement C3 measures a central protein of the complement immune system. It reflects immune system activation and complement pathway function. Clinicians use C3 to assess immune and inflammatory processes.
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Complement C4
Complement C4 measures a protein involved in the classical complement pathway. It reflects immune complex activity and complement consumption. Clinicians use C4 to evaluate immune-mediated inflammation.
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ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in plasma over a defined period. It reflects the presence of inflammatory proteins affecting blood viscosity. Clinicians use ESR as a nonspecific marker of inflammation.
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Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen measures a plasma protein involved in blood clot formation and inflammatory signaling. It reflects coagulation activity and systemic inflammation. Clinicians use fibrinogen to evaluate inflammatory and hemostatic status.
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hs-CRP
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measures low levels of C-reactive protein associated with systemic inflammation. It reflects inflammatory activity detectable below standard CRP thresholds. Clinicians use hs-CRP to assess low-grade inflammatory status.
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) measures a cytokine involved in immune signaling and inflammatory response. It reflects activation of immune and inflammatory pathways. Clinicians use IL-6 to assess immune-mediated inflammation.
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LDL Cholesterol (Calculated)
Calculated LDL cholesterol estimates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol using lipid panel values. It reflects circulating LDL levels associated with lipid transport and vascular exposure. Clinicians use calculated LDL as part of broader cardiometabolic assessment.
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Rheumatoid Factor
Rheumatoid factor measures antibodies directed against immunoglobulin components. It reflects immune system activation involving antibody production. Clinicians use rheumatoid factor to assess immune-related inflammatory conditions.
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TNF-alpha
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) measures a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation. It reflects immune activation and inflammatory signaling. Clinicians use TNF-alpha to evaluate inflammatory immune activity.
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Brain Health & Cognitive Resilience
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ApoE Genotype
The ApoE Genotype test looks at inherited patterns linked to long-term brain health and memory changes with aging. This advanced genetic test can help identify whether someone may have a higher risk for cognitive decline, supporting earlier and more personalized prevention planning.
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Genetics & Early Risk Detection
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BRCA1 / BRCA2
BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing evaluates inherited variants in tumor suppressor genes. It reflects genetic risk associated with certain hereditary cancers. Clinicians use BRCA testing to assess inherited cancer susceptibility.
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COMT
COMT testing evaluates genetic variants in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. It reflects inherited differences in neurotransmitter and catecholamine metabolism. Clinicians use COMT testing to assess genetic metabolic patterns.
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CYP450 Drug Metabolism Panel
The CYP450 drug metabolism panel evaluates genetic variants affecting cytochrome P450 enzymes. It reflects inherited differences in medication metabolism. Clinicians use this panel to assess pharmacogenomic response patterns.
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Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden testing detects a specific genetic mutation affecting clotting regulation. It reflects inherited thrombotic risk. Clinicians use this test to assess genetic predisposition to abnormal clot formation.
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Longevity Genetic Risk Panel
A longevity genetic risk panel evaluates multiple genetic variants associated with aging-related pathways. It reflects inherited risk patterns across metabolic, cardiovascular, and cellular processes. Clinicians use this panel to assess genetic factors related to long-term health.
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MTHFR
MTHFR testing evaluates genetic variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. It reflects inherited differences in folate metabolism and methylation pathways. Clinicians use MTHFR testing to assess genetic factors related to methylation processes.
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Prothrombin Gene Mutation
Prothrombin gene mutation testing evaluates inherited variants affecting prothrombin production. It reflects genetic risk related to coagulation activity. Clinicians use this test to assess inherited thrombotic risk factors.
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Physiologic Age & Longevity
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Antioxidant Capacity
This test evaluates the body’s ability to neutralize cellular stress. It helps assess defenses that support healthy aging.
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Cellular Defense & Repair Balance
This test looks at how well cells protect themselves and recover from damage. It provides insight into resilience and long-term cellular health.
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Cortisol (Serum or Saliva)
Cortisol testing measures levels of the primary glucocorticoid hormone using serum or saliva samples. It reflects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Clinicians use cortisol testing to evaluate stress hormone patterns.
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Cortisol Awakening Response
The cortisol awakening response measures the change in cortisol levels following awakening. It reflects diurnal cortisol regulation and stress response dynamics. Clinicians use this measure to assess circadian cortisol patterns.
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DHEA-S
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) measures a circulating adrenal hormone precursor. It reflects adrenal androgen production and age-related hormonal patterns. Clinicians use DHEA-S to assess adrenal hormone status.
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Grip Strength (Clinical)
Grip strength measures handgrip force using standardized clinical tools. It reflects overall muscular strength and functional capacity. Clinicians use grip strength as a functional performance marker.
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Homocysteine
Homocysteine measures an amino acid involved in methylation and metabolic pathways. It reflects metabolic and cardiovascular-related biochemical processes. Clinicians use homocysteine to assess metabolic risk markers.
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IGF-1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) measures a hormone involved in cellular growth and repair. It reflects growth hormone signaling activity in the body. Clinicians use IGF-1 to assess growth-related and metabolic signaling.
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Markers of Oxidative Stress
This test measures cellular stress linked to aging and inflammation. It provides insight into long-term wear and tear at the cellular level.
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Mitochondrial Stress Signals
This test assesses stress affecting cellular energy production. It helps explain fatigue and reduced metabolic efficiency.
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NT-proBNP
N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measures a marker released in response to cardiac wall stress. It reflects cardiovascular strain and cardiac signaling activity. Clinicians use NT-proBNP to assess cardiac-related stress markers.
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Physiologic Age Score
This score estimates biological age based on patterns related to metabolism, inflammation, and resilience. It helps compare how the body is aging relative to chronological age.
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Recovery & Resilience Capacity
This assessment evaluates how effectively the body adapts to physical and metabolic stress. It provides insight into overall vitality and durability.
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Uric Acid
Uric acid measures a byproduct of purine metabolism in the blood. It reflects metabolic turnover and oxidative balance. Clinicians use uric acid to evaluate metabolic and cellular stress markers.
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VOâ‚‚ Max (Estimated or Measured)
VOâ‚‚ max measures maximal oxygen utilization during exertion, either directly or through estimation. It reflects cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic capacity. Clinicians use VOâ‚‚ max as an indicator of functional capacity.
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Advanced Imaging
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Abdominal Ultrasound
An abdominal ultrasound uses sound waves to visualize abdominal organs such as the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and pancreas. It provides non-invasive structural information. Imaging is selected based on symptoms and clinical evaluation.
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Body Composition Scan
This scan measures fat, muscle, and lean tissue distribution throughout the body. It offers more detailed insight into metabolic health than weight or BMI alone.
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Bone Density DEXA Scan
This scan measures bone density and strength. It helps assess fracture risk and monitor bone health over time.
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Breast MRI
This imaging test provides a highly detailed view of breast tissue. It is often used for individuals who need more advanced or supplemental breast screening.
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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)
Carotid intima-media thickness imaging uses ultrasound to measure the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It provides insight into early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk. Imaging is selected based on individual risk assessment.
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Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score
A coronary artery calcium score uses CT imaging to detect and quantify calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. It provides insight into subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk beyond standard blood tests. Imaging selection depends on individual risk factors and clinical context.
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Coronary Artery Calcium Score
This imaging test measures calcium buildup in the coronary arteries. It helps assess long-term heart disease risk beyond traditional blood tests.
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Coronary CT Angiogram
This scan provides detailed images of the coronary arteries and blood flow. It helps identify plaque and narrowing that may not be detected with basic screening.
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CT Coronary Angiography
CT coronary angiography uses contrast-enhanced CT imaging to visualize coronary artery anatomy and blood flow. It provides detailed structural information about coronary arteries and potential narrowing. This imaging is selected based on symptoms and cardiovascular risk assessment.
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DEXA Scan (Body Composition)
A DEXA body composition scan uses low-dose X-ray imaging to measure fat mass, lean mass, and body composition distribution. It provides objective insight into metabolic and musculoskeletal health. Imaging is selected based on clinical goals and health monitoring needs.
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DEXA Scan (Bone Density)
A DEXA bone density scan measures bone mineral density using low-dose X-ray imaging. It helps assess skeletal strength and fracture risk. Imaging is selected based on age, risk factors, and clinical context.
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Full Body MRI
This imaging scan provides a detailed view of organs and tissues throughout the body without radiation exposure. It can help identify structural changes early and support proactive health monitoring.
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Full-Body MRI (where applicable)
A full-body MRI uses magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate soft tissues and organs throughout the body without radiation exposure. It may provide broad structural insight when clinically appropriate. Imaging selection depends on individual risk factors and context.
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Low Dose Lung CT Scan
This scan screens the lungs using low radiation exposure. It helps detect early lung changes in individuals at higher risk.
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NeuroQuant MRI
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Thyroid Ultrasound
A thyroid ultrasound uses sound waves to visualize the thyroid gland and surrounding structures. It helps assess thyroid anatomy, nodules, and structural changes. Imaging is selected based on clinical findings and thyroid evaluation.
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